A population-based linkage study titled Association of Premenopausal Bilateral Oophorectomy With Cognitive Performance and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment, published in JAMA Network Open, suggests that women whose ovaries were surgically removed before the age of 46 had a higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) later in life. The study, which compared patients who had Bilateral Oophorectomy with those who did not, emphasised that physicians treating women with premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy must evaluate the risk-to-benefit ratio of undergoing bilateral oophorectomy prior to spontaneous menopause for the prevention of ovarian cancer. While the link between premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy and higher risk of cognitive impairment has been previously suggested, this new study “contributes valuable new data to a major public health importance issue and addresses a number of important shortcomings of existing literature,” noted Marios K. Georgakis, MD, PhD, and Eleni T. Petridou, MD, PhD, noted in his comment along with the report.