Silver nanoparticles are the most widely used product on the market. Many people believe that silver is more toxic than other metals when in nanoscale form and that these particles have a different toxicity mechanism than dissolved silver. However, little research has been done to evaluate these interactions and their impact on human health. Preliminary research in laboratory mice has shown that silver nanoparticles can pass through the brain and cause neuronal degeneration and necrosis (death of cells or tissues) by accumulating in the brain for a long time. Due to their size, these particles can easily enter the body and cells through a variety of pathways. 

 Routes of Exposure 

 Inhalation: Nanoparticles are easily dispersed in the air due to their size and mass. When inhaled, the nanoparticles can penetrate deeper into the lungs and reach more sensitive areas. It remains unclear whether these particles can be removed by the lungs or if they remain as deposits in lung tissue. Research is still ongoing to determine whether the nano sized particles cause pneumonia as well as systemic effects and whether they travel from the lungs to other organs such as the liver, kidneys or brain. 

Absorption through the skin: This route of exposure occurs primarily through cosmetics, sunscreens, textiles and clothing coated with silver nanoparticles. Other issues that have yet to be investigated include interference with the skin’s resident microflora. Absorption also occurs mainly in the intestine and is size-dependent. 

 Nanotechnology has been used in food production, processing and packaging. The Emerging Nanotechnology Project at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars has been tracking advances in the use of nanotechnology in the food industry. Other nanoparticles are known to be incorporated into foods to enhance flavour, improve emulsification and improve nutrient availability. There is a great deal of concern that silver nanoparticles could migrate from packaging to food, exposing consumers to unknown risks. The lack of government oversight and regulation of this new technology adds to the problem of lack of data and security testing. 

 Before assessing nanotoxicity, it is necessary to determine the physicochemical properties of the tested nanoparticles due to the potential effects of the properties Physical and chemical properties in the manifestation of toxicity. Before evaluating nanotoxicity, physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are under consideration because of the potential effects of physical and chemical properties in manifestations of toxicity.

Qualitative EDX analysis confirmed that the elementary particles of AgNP are composed of almost 100% elemental silver (components of the TEM (transmission electron microscope) grid contributing to the detection of carbon signal peaks and copper). The weighted size distribution data indicate that the size of these AgNPs in the aqueous suspension, although seemingly uniform, is larger than the actual particle size; The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the particles in these suspensions was 32.8 ± 4.4 nm. 

 Lethal doses of AgNPs increase larval mortality and affect the development.

 Our study began by investigating the harmful effects of AgNPs on organisms. The lethal dose of AgNPs prolongs pupal development and reduces hatching success. Silver deposition occurs in response to lethal levels of AgNPs and sublethal . Certain metal nanoparticles are difficult to remove by physiological clearance and may accumulate in certain organs of the body AgNP -induced DNA disruption ROS has been shown to contribute to the initiation of apoptosis in vitro. In addition, a large generation of ROS or an altered antioxidant response can lead to DNA peroxidation, causing DNA strand breaks  AgNPs induce systemic DNA damage. Increasing in vitro and in vivo evidence has noted the importance of autophagy for nanoparticle-induced toxicity.