While tumor-targeting fields, dual checkpoint inhibition, cancer vaccines, and microbiome modification show promise in enhancing immunotherapy responses in non-small cell lung cancer, further study is required to evaluate their efficacy. The LUNAR experiment found that tumor-treating fields enhanced overall survival, but only in the general population and not in specific subgroups. Antibody-drug conjugates in conjunction with immunotherapy have shown response rates, but further research is needed. With approximately 15 current studies, dual checkpoint inhibition combinations are still being studied. Chinese PD-1 inhibitors with cheaper prices may be a possibility. Cancer vaccines are a potential technique in early research, utilizing neoantigen-based, tailored vaccinations. In a modest trial, fecal microbiota transplantation paired with PD-1 inhibition produced a partial response, indicating that it may influence the immune response.

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