According to a study published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, COVID-19 booster vaccinations may still be effective in individuals who previously received the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines, despite concerns of negative immune imprinting. Negative immune imprinting, also known as original antigenic sin, occurs when the immune system’s response to a previous infection or vaccination can interfere with its ability to respond effectively to a new strain or variant of the virus. However, the study found that administering a booster vaccine with a different vaccine platform than the original two-dose series may help overcome this issue. The study also noted that the immune response to the booster vaccine was stronger in individuals who received the Moderna vaccine as their initial two-dose series compared to those who received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. More research is needed to fully understand the implications of negative immune imprinting on COVID-19 booster vaccination effectiveness.

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