The COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the significance of vaccinations in public health. There are now 966 vaccine candidates in various stages of development across the world. Traditional inactivated or attenuated vaccines account for 23% of these options, with recombinant protein vaccines accounting for the majority (22%). Because of their safety profile, stability, and simplicity of manufacture, recombinant vaccines are preferred. Nucleic acid vaccines, which include RNA and DNA vaccines, are the second biggest sector, accounting for 18% of the pipeline. These platforms are adaptable when it comes to creating candidates for infections with high antigen diversity, such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and HIV. 14% of the proposals are viral vector vaccines based on adenoviruses, retroviruses, lentiviruses, and poxviruses.

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