This study discovered that infants exposed to newer antiseizure drugs in the womb had no significant changes in neurodevelopmental outcomes at age three when compared to children who were not exposed. As monotherapies, around 40% of moms received lamotrigine and one-third received levetiracetam. While no adverse effects of lamotrigine exposure were seen, greater dosages of levetiracetam in the third trimester were associated with lower cognitive performance on specific measures. Other factors influencing verbal scores were maternal intelligence, education, anxiety, and the child’s gender and race. The findings give confidence that newer drugs such as lamotrigine and levetiracetam are unlikely to induce significant cognitive effects in children as young as three. Post-partum maternal worry, on the other hand, had a greater negative impact on verbal scores among children of epileptic mothers.

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