The study examined how lymph node (LN) regression following neoadjuvant chemotherapy affects survival in individuals with esophageal adenocarcinoma. The researchers examined 17,930 lymph nodes from 763 individuals who had neoadjuvant chemotherapy and esophagectomy at five UK institutions. The lymph nodes were categorized according to their residual tumor level following chemotherapy: full response with no residual tumor (LNRS 1), less than 10% residual tumor (LNRS 2), 10% to 50% residual tumor (LNRS 3), above 50% residual tumor (LNRS 4), and no response (LNRS 5). When compared to patients with poor LN regression, individuals with complete LN regression had a 65% reduction in mortality risk, those with partial LN regression had a 28% reduction, and those with zero lymph nodes had a 68% reduction.

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