COPD affects men and women differently, and that men and women patients with COPD require different clinical management, suggests the latest study by a team of researchers from the Division of allergy, pulmonology, and critical care medicine at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. According to the researchers, sex is essentially a biologic construct, so it has got to do with the sex chromosomes, the genetics of that person, and it refers to the anatomic variations that can change susceptibility to different diseases. The study found that CELSR1, a gene involved in foetal lung development, was expressed more among women than among men and that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene was associated with COPD among women smokers, but not among men smokers.